Sensory integration is the process by which the brain receives, organizes, and responds to sensory information from the environment. This includes inputs like touch, sound, sight, taste, smell, and movement (vestibular and proprioceptive senses). For most people, sensory integration happens automatically and smoothly, but for others, especially those with sensory processing differences (such as in autism, ADHD, or other neurodivergent conditions), this process can be challenging. When sensory integration is disrupted, it can lead to responses like being overly sensitive to certain stimuli, under-responsive to others, or seeking certain sensory experiences. This can affect daily life, emotional regulation, social interactions, and participation in activities.

A Functional Capacity Assessment (FCA) is conducted by an occupational therapist to assess an individual’s physical, cognitive, psychological, and emotional capacity to manage daily life activities. The goal is to understand what a person can do, cannot do, and may need support with, in a real-world context.

Sensory-based activities: Occupational therapists use movement, and sensory-rich activities that engage the brain in processing sensory input in a fun and safe way. This may include activities like swinging, jumping on a trampoline, using weighted blankets, or exploring different textures.

• Gradual exposure: For individuals who are overwhelmed by certain sensory inputs (e.g., loud sounds or bright lights), therapists help them gradually increase their tolerance through controlled exposure in a safe, supportive environment.

• Building self-regulation skills: Therapists teach calming strategies like deep breathing, using fidget tools, or taking sensory breaks to help manage sensory overload and promote emotional regulation.

• Environmental adaptation: Occupational therapists may suggest changes in the home, school, or workplace to make the environment more sensory-friendly, like adding noise-reducing headphones, using soft lighting, or creating quiet spaces for breaks.

• Sensory diets: A sensory diet is a personalised schedule of sensory activities throughout the day, designed to provide the right amount of sensory input to support self-regulation, attention, and focus.